Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors present a distinct platform for diverse biotechnological applications. Their robust design allows for {highproductivity and optimal environmental settings. The porous nature of the hollow fibers facilitates mass transfer between the internal environment and the ext

This study investigates the efficacy of Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) membranes within a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system. The aim was to determine the long-term durability and efficiency of PVDF membranes under different operational conditions. A set of tests were conducted to investigate the impa